To Kindle a Soul
One of the best articles I have read on the effect of television is Lawrence Kelemen’s ‘What They Don’t Want You To Know About Television and Videos‘. The article is an abridged chapter from the book ‘To Kindle a Soul‘. What make the article good is it’s extensive use of referencing. Unfortunately the referencing is not completed at the bottom of the page, I guess you’ll have to buy the book for that.
While the article covers many aspect of television such as: content, alcohol, violence, commercialism, cognitive damage, social interaction, obesity, & ADD. Because this bolg focuses on the scientific effects of television, I looked solely at the chapter entitled ‘Medium’.
While the article focuses on listing many of the studies that have been done by governments and academia alike, there are interesting areas concerning retardation:
One year later, Drs. Larry Gross and Michael Morgan, professors at the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg School of Communications, made headlines when they found that television did not just impair academic achievement, it retarded intelligence. They discovered that the more television tenth graders watched, the lower they scored on IQ tests. The inverse relationship between IQ and television watching held even after the researchers controlled for socio-economic status, sex, and family size. The drop in IQ scores was large and consistent, and it could not be attributed to television attracting an abundance of children from lower socio-economic groups or crowded families. “It is extremely unlikely that the association between viewing and [low] IQ scores is spurious,” they concluded.
It’s impact on education:
Although data trickled in throughout the late 1970s, the dam finally burst in 1980 when the California State Board of Education became interested in the television question and decided to launch a thorough investigation. That spring it distributed a comprehensive questionnaire to more than half a million sixth and twelfth graders, evaluating writing, reading, and arithmetic skills, work habits, family profiles, and television viewing patterns. The astonishing results caught the attention not only of research psychologists, but also (for the first time since television research began) the popular press. The New York Times reported:
A California survey indicates that the more a student watches television, the worse he does in school. Wilson Riles, California schools superintendent, said Thursday that no matter how much homework the students did, how intelligent they were, or how much money their parents earned, the relationship between television and test scores was practically identical. Based on the survey, Mr. Riles concluded that, for educational purposes, television “is not an asset and it ought to be turned off.”
social healing after abstinence:
In a spontaneous experiment in 1982, a New Jersey elementary school announced a “No TV Week.” According to the New York Times report of the event, “Students in every class started spending more time reading books and talking to their friends and families.” Two years later the entire city of Farmington, Connecticut voluntarily gave up TV for one month. When Wall Street Journal reporters interviewed Farmington residents, both adults and children most often mentioned reading as the activity they used to fill the newly available hours.
the effects on new born babies:
A fifth explanation emerged from the work of Harvard University Professor T. Berry Brazelton. Brazelton hooked newborn babies up to electroencephalographs and then exposed them to a flickering light source similar to a television but with no images. Fifteen minutes into their exposure, the babies stopped crying and produced sleep patterns on the EEG, even though their eyes were still open and observing the light. Brazelton’s experiment revealed that the medium itself, with no content, acts directly on the brain to suppress mental activity. The Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry confirmed Brazelton’s finding in 1982. They reported that the brain waves generated while watching even the most exciting shows were those of low attention states. The researchers found that while subjects viewed television, “output of alpha rhythms increased, indicating they were in a passive state, as if they were just sitting in the dark.”
And is social impact:
Parents sometimes justify television’s presence in their household by arguing that it creates a venue for “family time” — that is, everyone comes together to watch television “as a family.” Eleanor Maccoby, professor emerita of psychology at Stanford University and a member of the National Academy of Sciences, investigated this theory and concluded:
“It appears that the increased family contact brought about by television is not social except in the most limited sense: that of being in the same room with other people…the viewing atmosphere in most households is one of quiet absorption in the programs on the part of the family members who are present. The nature of the family social life during a program could be described as “parallel” rather than interactive, and the set does seem quite clearly to dominate family life when it is on.”
This only partially covers the article. I would advise all those interested to read it in full.
